Carbon Pricing Mechanisms: A Comparative Policy Analysis

Executive Summary

This report analyses 24 active carbon pricing mechanisms across 18 jurisdictions, comparing coverage, price levels, revenue use, and effectiveness at reducing emissions. It examines the growing convergence between emissions trading schemes and carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and models the implications for trade-exposed heavy industries. The report draws on primary interviews with policymakers and environmental economists, supplemented by regulatory filings and emissions data.